Japanese titles are ordered by their recorded pronunciation in the gojūon sequence—not by the shape, stroke count, or Unicode position of their kanji. Write a kana sorting form for every title before comparing them.
1Write the official reading
Copy the title's furigana, publisher reading, or catalogue reading. Convert a kanji title such as 雨 to あめ. A kanji has several possible readings, so its printed shape alone cannot determine its place.
2Normalize the script
For comparison, treat katakana as its hiragana equivalent: カ → か and ゲ → げ. Ignore spaces and ordinary punctuation unless your collection needs a special house rule.
3Compare one mora at a time
Start with the first kana. If two titles match, compare their second kana, then their third, continuing until they differ. A shorter reading comes first when every sound up to its end is identical.
Basic gojūon order
あ い う え お
か き く け こ
さ し す せ そ
た ち つ て と
な に ぬ ね の
は ひ ふ へ ほ
ま み む め も
や ゆ よ
ら り る れ ろ
わ を ん
Marks and smaller kana
- ゛ Voiced mark
- Keep it with its base row and place the plain sound before the voiced sound: か before が; は before ば.
- ゜ Semi-voiced mark
- In the は row, use the practical order は, ば, ぱ (and likewise ひ, び, ぴ).
- Small ぁ・っ・ゃ
- Compare them at the position of their full-size counterpart first. If two readings otherwise match, use small versus full size as a tie-breaker.
- ー Long-vowel mark
- Read it as the vowel prolonged by the previous katakana. For a hand-sorted shelf, write that vowel into your sorting form before comparing titles.
- 々・ゝ・ヽ Repetition
- Expand the repeated kanji or kana to its spoken reading in your sorting form rather than sorting by the repetition mark itself.
Worked example: compare the readings, not the scripts
雨あめ · ame
→いぬinu
→ゲームげーむ · gēmu
→空そら · sora
For a personal shelf: write each title in hiragana on a temporary label, normalize the special marks using the rules above, and sort those labels from あ to ん. Large catalogues use formal collation standards and may differ in their final tie-break rules, so retain an institution's supplied reading when matching its catalogue.